We are using idioms, metaphors and phrases in our speech. Following is the list of some of them which are useful in Reading Comprehension Section and writing your own essays. It will boost your knowledge for text completion and sentence equivalence sections also.
Metaphor
we need to study about metaphor which is not an idiom but is
“a word or phrase for one thing that is used to refer to another thing in order to pretend or show that they are similar”.
Through metaphors, we compare the situations with real things in our sentences. Although the situation is not actually the same particular thing. Metaphors are used to make the impact of the sentence more powerful by relating it with the situation.
Let us understand with following sentences like;
- Alia is fishing in troubled waters.
- Rhea responds with wooden face to Alia for her talk.
- Albert is a walking dictionary.
- Today, the weather is brass monkey in Newyork.
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Using Nouns for sentence equivalence
Important Word List to Improve Vocabulary
Phrase
A phrase is a group of words acting as a single part of speech and not containing both a subject and a verb. It is a part of a sentence and does not present a complete essence of the sentence.
Whenever a phrase is in the starting of the sentence, the subject of the sentence is being modified.
Types of Phrases
Noun Phrase
A noun phrase consists of a noun and other related words usually modifiers which modify the noun. It acts like a noun in a sentence.
- Albert is wearing a nice black hat.
- Alia bought a basket full of flowers.
- The man with mobile is roaming.
Adjective Phrase
An adjective phrase is a group of words that functions like an adjective in a sentence.
- Albert is writing with a nice glitter
- The girl with a pink t-shirt is dancing.
Adverb Phrase
An adverb phrase functions like an adverb to modify a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
- Albert always talks in a sensible manner.
- Alia returned in a short while from her class.
Verb Phrase
A verb phrase is a combination of main verb and its auxiliaries in a sentence.
- Albert is talking on the mobile.
- Alia has finished her lunch.
- Jane is fixing us some dinner.
Infinitive Phrase
An infinitive phrase consists of an infinitive “to + simple form of verb” and modifiers associated to the infinitive.
- Albert likes to walk for school.
- He made a plan to buy a house.
Gerund Phrase
A gerund phrase consists of a gerund “verb + ing” and modifiers associated with the gerund.
- I like walking around the garden.
- Alia started cleaning the platform of the kitchen.
- Taking my pet for a walk is fun
Participle Phrase
A participle phrase consists of a present participle “verb + ing”, a past participle verb ending in -ed or other forms in case of irregular verbs and modifiers words. A participle phrase is separated by commas.
- Albert received a letter, mentioning about Alia’s absence from school.
- The chair, made of wood, is very beautiful.
Absolute Phrase
Absolute phrase modifies and gives information about the entire sentence. It is separated by a comma or pairs of commas from the rest sentence.
- Alia was waiting for Lily, her eyes on the clock.
- The man is cleaning the building, his clothes dirty with dust.
Prepositional Phrase
A prepositional phrase is a phrase starting with a preposition and ending with a noun or pronoun. The phrase relates the noun or pronoun to the rest of the sentence.
A comma is advisable after any introductory prepositional phrase.
Prepositions;
Prepositions are short words like on, in, to, at, since, for, ago, before, past, till, until, by, from, of, about, next, beside, under, below, over, above, across, through, towards, onto, into that usually comes before nouns and verbs.
Time-Based Prepositions; on, in, to, at, since, for, ago, before, past, till, until, by
Place-Based Prepositions; from, of, about, next, beside, under, below, over, above, across, through, towards, onto, into, behind, between, opposite, along
Prepositional Phrases at the Beginning of a Sentence
- On the other hand, Albert plays basketball.
- After class, Alia goes home.
- By noon, all the participants should complete the task.
- Under the pile of clothes, Albert found his geography notebook.
- In the picture, I can see the mountain and a bird.
General Phrases
| 1. Anything else? | 2. Rest Assured |
| 3. As you please | 4. See you again |
| 5. As you wish. | 6. See you tomorrow |
| 7. Be careful / Be cautious. | 8. she’s on holiday |
| 9. Be serious. | 10. Sit down |
| 11. Bye bye! | 12. Stand up |
| 13. Certainly | 14. Take away |
| 15. Chill please | 16. Take care |
|
17. Can’t complain |
18. Take it |
| 19. Clear it | 20. Thank God |
| 21. Come here | 22. Thanks for the favour |
| 23. Come near | 24. Thanks for the honou |
| 25. Come what may! | 26. That is too much. |
| 27. Doesn’t matter | 28. That’s enough. |
| 29. Don’t be naughty | 30. Touch wood! |
| 31. Fine | 32. Very good |
| 33. How are you? | 34. Very well |
| 35. He’s in a meeting | 36. Wait outside |
| 37. Not the least! | 38. Welcome! |
| 39. Nothing else | 40. Why not? |
| 41. Nothing special | 42. Yes, by all means |
| 43. O.K. | 44. You are fired! |
| 45. Of course | 46. As far as I know |
| 47. Pack up | 48. Rest Assured |
| 49. See you again | |
| 50. Touch wood! | 51. See you tomorrow |
| 52. Very good | |
| 53. Very well | 54. Sit down |
| 55. Wait outside | 56. Stand up |
| 57. Welcome! | 58. Take away |
| 59. Why not? | 60. Take care |
| 61. Yes, by all means | 62. Take it |
| 63. You are fired! | 64. Thank God |
| 65. As far as I know | 66. Thanks for the favour. |
| 67. Rest Assured | 68. Thanks for the honour. |
| 69. See you again | 70. That is too much. |
| 71. See you tomorrow | 72. That’s enough. |
Idioms
The IDIOM is a phrase that has a meaning of its own. These are some of the common idioms.
1. No Strings Attached – No Hidden Clauses